Ma mua o ka holomua o kaʻenehana'eneiʻole, he nui nā pūnaewele kamepiula i ka 21st century e hilinaʻi ana i nā kaula i meaʻoihana no nā mea e hoʻololi i kaʻikepili. Aia kekahi mauʻano maʻamau maʻamau o nāʻupena laulā , ua hanaʻia kēlā me kēia mea no nā kumuhana kūikawā.
Kālā Kālepa
Uaʻikeʻia ma nā makahiki 1880,ʻo "coax" kahi iʻike nuiʻia heʻano kelepa i hoʻohui pū i nā pūnaewele i nā antennena home. ʻO ke kelepona kumuhana no ka 10 mau Mbps kelepona . I ka wā o ka 10 mau mbps Ethernet i kaulana loa, i ka makahiki 1980 a me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka makahiki 1990, ke hoʻohana nei nāʻenehana i kekahi o nāʻano coable cableʻelua - thinnet (10BASE2 standard) a me ka lahilahi (10BASE5). ʻO kēia mau kaula i loko o ka lepa keʻokeʻo i loko o ka lahilahi o ka'ōpuni i hoʻopuniʻia e ka uhiʻana a me kahi pale pale. ʻO ko lākou hoʻopaʻakikī ua hoʻonāukiuki i nā luna o ke kikowaena i ka hoʻokomoʻana a me ka mālamaʻana i ka thinnet a me ka lahilahi.
Pālākiho Huakai
Ma hope o ka makahiki 1990, ua puka mai nā'ōkōkō ma keʻano he papa alakaʻi hōʻaia no Ethernet , hoʻomaka me 10 Mbps ( 10BASE-T , i kapaʻiaʻo Category 3 a iʻole Cat3 ), a ma hope iho ua ukaliʻia nāʻaoʻao no 100 Mbps (100BASE-TX, Cat5 , a me Cat5e ) a me nā wikiwiki piʻi aʻe a hiki i 10 Gbps (10GBASE-T). ʻO nāʻauamoʻelua o nā Ethernet i loko o kaʻewalu (8) hua i hōʻemiʻia i pai pālua no ka hōʻemiʻana i ka hoʻopiliʻiaʻana o kaʻike electromagnetic.
ʻElua mauʻano kumu o nāʻoihana o kaʻoihana kelepuni i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia: Ua kākākaʻia nāʻano hoʻohālike (UTP) a me Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) . Hiki i nāʻanuʻu Ethernet hou ke hoʻohana i ka wiringi UTP no ka ukuʻana o kāna kumukūʻai, i ka loaʻaʻana o ke kāpili STP i kekahi mauʻenehana likeʻole e like me ke Interface Data Distributed (FDDI) .
ʻO fiber optics
Ma kahi o nāʻili i hoʻohuiʻia i ka hoʻoiliʻana i nā hikula'ikela, ua hoʻohanaʻia nā'ilili lainaʻike fiber optic me nā kaula aniani a me nā pulukū o ka mālamalama. Hoʻopiliʻia kēia mau kelepona pūnaewele me keʻano o ke aniani. Ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo lākou i ka maikaʻi loa ma nā kikowaena kikowaena (WAN) kahi e pono ai ka holoʻana o kaʻaupuni o kaʻeleʻele a i waho paha a ma nā keʻenaʻoihana kahi e laulima ai ka holo kelepona.
ʻElua mauʻanoʻoihana fiber optic keleponaʻoihana kelepona - hoʻokahi-mode (100BaseBX standard) a me multimode (100BaseSX standard). Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o kaʻenehanaʻenehana i ka'ōnaehana hoʻokahi-nui no ka mea iʻoi aku ka nui o kona kahawai, akāʻo ka hoʻohanaʻana o nā hui kaiaulu i ka multimode ma muli o kona kumu kūʻai.
Kelepona USB
ʻO ka nui o nā pūnaewele Universal Serial Bus (USB) e hoʻohui i kahi kamepiula me kahi'ōnaehana waha (keyboard a iʻole ka mouse) ma kahi o ka computer'ē aʻe. Eia naʻe, hiki i nā mea hoʻololi kikowaena kūikawā (kekahi manawa i kapaʻia nā dongles ) keʻaeʻana i ka loulou Ethernet i kahi port USB . ʻO kaʻawa USB ke nānā aku i nā wiliwili lua.
Nā Pūnaewele Serial a Parallel
Ma muli o ka nui o nā PC ma nā makahiki 1980 a me nā makahiki 1990 he hikiʻole iā Ethernet ka mana, aʻaʻoleʻo USB i hoʻomohalaʻia, ua hoʻohanaʻia kekahi mauʻoihana kikowaena a me nā mea likeʻole (i kēia manawa i nā papahana hou) i kekahi pūnaewele PC-PC. ʻO nā mea i kapaʻia he mau kālepa hoʻohālikeʻole , e like me keʻano, ua hoʻohuiʻia nā ports serial oʻelua mau polokalamuʻikepili PC e hiki ai ke hoʻololi i waena o 0.115 a me 0.45 Mbps.
Nā Crossover Cables
ʻO nā'aemo modemʻole he kumu ia o ka mahele o nā kele nahenahe . Hoʻohuiʻia kekahi kelepili kūpili iʻelua mau polokalamu kelepona o iaʻano, e like meʻelua PC aʻelua mau hoʻololi kelepona .
ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kelepona Ethernet crossover he mea maʻalahi ia ma nā home network kahiko i nā makahiki i hala aku nei i ka hoʻohuiʻana iʻelua pūnaewele pono pū. Ma waho, uaʻike like nā'eneka Ethernet crossover i keʻano maʻamau (i kekahi manawa i kapaʻiaʻo ke ala pololei ),ʻo keʻanoʻike wale nō iʻikeʻia e like me keʻano o nā leka i hoʻohuiʻia i ke kaula iʻikeʻia ma ka pūnaewele hopena o ke kaula. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā mea hana i nā hōʻailona kūikawā kūikawā i kā lākou mau kālani kapu no kēia kumu. I kēia mau lā,ʻo ka nui o nāʻenehana home e hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻokele i kūkulu i loko o ka mana kūkomo, e hoʻopau i ka pono no kēia mauʻokoʻa kūikawā.
Nāʻokoʻa'ē aʻe o nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele
Ke hoʻohana nei kekahi mau kauka lawelawe pūnaewele i ka leka kaupale e nānā i kekahiʻano kelepona laina pono e hoʻohanaʻia no kahi hana lōʻihi. Hoʻokomoʻia nā kūwaena,ʻelua paipa a me nā fiber optic o nā pēpē pākuʻi. Hoʻohui like lākou i nāʻano likeʻole e like me nāʻanoʻokoʻa o nā kaula kelepona koe naʻe nā'alepili paʻakikī keʻano lōʻihi.
Hoʻokumu pūnaewele pūnaewele Powerline i ka wili uila maʻamau o ka home no kaʻikepiliʻikepili me ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā mea kūikawā kūikawā i nā puka pā.