He alakaʻi i nā papa hana papahana o ka pūnaewele, ka pāhaʻilaʻi, a me ka multicast
Hoʻohanaʻia nā papahana IP e kōkua i ka hāʻawiʻana i nā inoa IP i nā'eneke me nāʻano nui. Hiki ke puʻunaueʻia ka māhele helu IPv4 i loko oʻelima mau papa inoa i kapaʻiaʻo Class A, B, C, D, a me E.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia IP papa kahi'āpana pili o ke anuu o ka IPv4 āpau. Hoʻokahi o ia papa i mālama 'ia no nā' ano multicast wale nō, a he 'ano ia o ka' ikepili kahi kahi i 'ike' ia ai ma mua o hoʻokahi kamepiula.
Nā Papa Hana IP a me ka heluʻana
ʻO nā kumukūʻai o ka hapa hema loaʻehā mau hapa o kahi IPv4 helu e hoʻoholo ai i kona papa. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo nā kākoʻo C C a pau i ka hapakolu o nā'āpana i hoʻonohonohoʻia i 110 , akā,ʻo kēlā me kēia o nāʻaoʻao he 29 i koe inā he 0 a 1 paha (e like me ka x ma kahi o kēia mau kūlana haʻahaʻa):
10xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxKe hoʻololi nei i ka mea i luna nei no ka hoʻonuiʻana i kaʻikeʻana i ka decimal, no laila, ua hāʻule nā kākoʻo C C a pau i ka 192.0.0.0 ā hiki i 223.255.255.255.
Aia ka papa ma lalo nei i nā helu a me nā kūlana IP no kēlā me kēia papa. E hoʻomaopopo i kahi o kahi o ka helu IP address e kāpaeʻia mai ka papa E no nā kumu kūikawā e like me ia i ho'ākākaʻia ma lalo nei.
| Papa | ʻO nā'āpana haʻahaʻa loa | Ka hoʻomaka o ka pae | Ka hopena o ke kau | Ka helu piha |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 0xxx | 0.0.0.0 | Pauʻole | 2,147,483,648 |
| B | 10xx | 128.0.0.0 | 191.255.255.255 | 1,073,741,824 |
| C | 110x | 192.0.0.0 | 223.255.255.255 | 536,870,912 |
| D | 1110 | 224.0.0.0 | 239.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 |
| E | 1111 | 240.0.0.0 | 254.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 |
ʻO ka IP Address Class E me Limited Broadcast
ʻO ka papahana pūnaewele IPv4 e ho'ākāka ana i nā kūlana o ka Class E e like me ka mālamaʻia , aʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻohanaʻia ma nā pūnaewele IP. Ke hoʻohana nei kekahi mauʻimi noiʻi i ka papa E no nā ho'āʻo hoʻokolohua. Eia naʻe, hikiʻole i nā polokalamu e ho'āʻo nei e hoʻohana i kēia mau helu ma ka pūnaewele i hiki ke kamaʻilio pololei.
ʻO kahiʻano kūikawā o ka helu IP he palena kuʻuna maʻamau 255.255.255.255. ʻO ka pāhana pili i ka hoʻounaʻana i kahi leka mai ka mea hoʻouna hoʻokahi i nā mea loaʻa. ʻO ka mea e hoʻouna pololei ana iā IP i hoʻolahaʻia i 255.255.255.255 e kuhikuhi i nā mea'ē aʻe ma kahi pūnaewele wahi (LAN) e kiʻi i kēlā leka. He "palena" kēia hoʻolaha no ka hikiʻole i nā kō'ī a pau ma ka pūnaewele; nā nopa wale nō ma ka LAN.
Hoʻomaopopo ka Internet Protocol i nā kūlana a pau mai ka 255.0.0.0 a hiki i 255.255.255.255 no ka hoʻolahaʻana, aʻaʻole pono e manaʻoʻia kēiaʻano he mahele o ka papahana Class E maʻamau.
ʻO ka papa inoa IP D a me Multicast
ʻO ka papahana pūnaewele IPv4 ka ho'ākākaʻana i nā kūlana o ka Class D e mālamaʻia no ka multicast. ʻO ka multicast he mechanical i ka Internet Protocol no ka ho'ākākaʻana i nā pūʻulu o nā mea hoʻohana kanaka a hoʻounaʻana i nā leka wale nō i kēlā hui ma mua o kēlā me kēia mea i ka LAN (pāpāho) aiʻole hoʻokahi wale aku pēpē (unicast).
Hoʻohana nuiʻia ka Multicast ma nāʻenehana noiʻi. E like me ka Class E,ʻaʻole e hoʻohanaʻia nā kūlana D Class e nā nalu maʻamau ma ka pūnaewele.