Nā mea a pau e pono eʻike e pili ana i nā inoa IP piha
ʻO kahi helu IP kūlohelohe he wahi IP i mālamaʻia no ka hoʻohanaʻana i loko o kahi mea hoʻopuka aiʻole kekahi mea hoʻohana pūnaewele (NAT), ma waho o ka lehulehu.
ʻO nā kūmole IP kūwaho ka mea likeʻole i nā pule IP ka lehulehu , nā mea lehulehu aʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia i loko o kahi home aʻoihanaʻoihana.
I kekahi manawa,ʻikeʻia kekahi inoa IP pilikino e like me kahi helu IP .
He aha nā inoa o ka IP?
Ke mālama nei ka'Āina Kuleana MeaʻImi (IANA) i nā papa helu IP ma lalo nei no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā inoa IP kūwaho:
- 10.0.0.0 a 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 a 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 a 192.168.255.255
ʻO ka helu mua o nā IP i puleʻia mai luna nei e hāʻawi aku i kahi mau inoa he 16 miliona, ka lua no 1 miliona, aʻoi aku i 65,000 no ka hope hope loa.
ʻO kekahiʻano o nā pule inoa IP kūikawā he 169.254.0.0 a 169.254.255.255 akā no kahi mea hoʻohana pono'ī IP Addressing (APIPA) wale nō.
I ka makahiki 2012, ua hāʻawiʻo IANA i 4 miliona mau helu helu o 100.64.0.0/10 no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā wahi NAT āpau.
No ke kumu e hoʻohanaʻia ai nā inoa IP
Ma mua o ka loaʻaʻana o nā lako i loko o kahi home aʻoihanaʻoihana paha e hoʻohana ana i kahi IP address o ka lehulehu, kahi e waihoʻia ana he kikowaena kūpono, hoʻolako i nā helu IP kūlohelohe i kahi papa inoa likeʻole e hiki keʻae i kahi kikowaena akā me ka hāpaiʻana i kahi kikowaena IP address .
Eia kekahi laʻana, e noʻonoʻo i kahi alalai maʻamau i kahi pūnaewele home. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa i nā hale a me nāʻoihana ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, hiki iāʻoe a me kou hoa noho kokoke, loaʻa iā lākou ka IP IP o 192.168.1.1, a hāʻawi i 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, ... i nā pūnaewele likeʻole e pili ana i ia ( ma kahi mea i kapaʻiaʻo DHCP ).
ʻAʻole pono ka nui o nā mea kaʻa e hoʻohana ai i ka 192.168.1.1 wāwae, a i ka nui o nā hanana a he mau haneli o nā mea i loko o ia pūnaewele e pāhele i nāʻili IP me nā mea hoʻohana o nā mea'ē aʻe, no ka mea,ʻaʻole lākou e launa me kekahi .
Ma kahi o nā mea hoʻohana, hoʻohanaʻia ka mea hoʻopuka e unuhi i kā lākou mau noi ma o ka IP address o ka lehulehu, hiki ke kamaʻilio me nā inoa IP'ē aʻe a i ka hopena i nā pūnaewele hou.
Kōkuhi: ʻAʻole maopopo i ka mea o kāu kelepona aiʻole kahi kūwāhi paʻakikī'ē aʻe o ko kahi IP address piha? Eʻike pehea pehea wau eʻike ai i koʻu anakuhi IP Address Default? .
Hiki i nā lakohana i loko o kahi kikowaena pūnaewele e hoʻohana ana i kahi helu IP kūlohelohe e launa pū me nā mea'ē aʻe a pau i loko o ka hopena o kēlā pūnaewele , akā e koi aku i kahi alalai e kamaʻilio me nā mea i waho o ka pūnaewele, a laila e hoʻohanaʻia ka IP address ke kamaʻilio.
ʻO kēia keʻano o nā polokalamu (nā polokalamu kamepiula, nā papapilapika, nā lekapila, nā papa , a me nā mea'ē aʻe) i loko o nā pūnaewele kūlohelohe o ka honua nei e hoʻohana i kahi helu IP pilikino me ka palenaʻole,ʻaʻole hiki ke'ōleloʻia no nā pule IP.
ʻO nā keʻena IP pūnaewele pū kekahi e hāʻawi i kahi ala no nā polokalamu e ponoʻole i ka launa pū me ka pūnaewele, e like me nā pūnaewele pūnaewele, nā mea paʻi a me nā mea'ē aʻe, e kamaʻilio pū me nā mea'ē aʻe ma kahi pūnaewele me kaʻole e hōʻike pono i nā lehulehu.
Ua mālamaʻia nā inoa IP
ʻO kekahiʻano o nā pule IP i kāohiʻia aʻoi aʻe i kapaʻia he mau inoa IP. Ua like kēia mau mea me nā inoa IP kūlohelohe ma keʻano hikiʻole ke hoʻohanaʻia no kaʻikeʻana i ka pūnaewele nui aku, akā uaʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kēlā me kēia.
ʻO ka IP i kaulana loaʻo 127.0.0.1 . Kāheaʻia kēia wahi i ka helu loopback a hoʻohanaʻia e ho'āʻo i ka mea hoʻopili pūnaewele a iʻole ka pūnaewele i hoʻopaʻaʻia. ʻAʻole i hoʻounaʻia kahi kiʻi i hoʻounaʻia i 127.0.0.1 ma luna o ka pūnaewele kūloko a iʻole ka pūnaewele puni honua.
ʻO ke kumuhana,ʻo ka laina a pau mai 127.0.0.0 a 127.255.255.255 ua mālamaʻia no nā hana loopback akāʻaʻoleʻoe eʻike i nā mea'ē aʻe he 127.0.0.1 i hoʻohanaʻia ma ka honua maoli.
Hoʻonohonohoʻia nā pane ma ka palena mai 0.0.0.0 a hiki i 0.255.255.255 akāʻaʻole e hana i kekahi mea. Inā hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi kikowaena i kahi IP IP ma kēiaʻano,ʻaʻole ia e hana maikaʻi no kahi o ka pūnaewele i hoʻokomoʻia.
NāʻIke hou aʻe i nā'Āina IP IP
Inā hoʻokomoʻia kahi mea e like me ke alalai, loaʻa iā ia kahi IP pane o ka IP mai kahi ISP . ʻO nā mea i hoʻohuiʻia i ke alahina i hāʻawiʻia i nā inoa IP kūwaho.
E like me kaʻu i'ōlelo ai ma luna nei,ʻaʻole hiki i nā keʻena IP kūlohelohe ke kamaʻilio me kahi pilikino IP kūlohelohe. ʻO kēia keʻano inā pili ponoʻia kahi pūnaewele i loaʻa kahi pule IP pūnaewele i loko o ka pūnaewele, a no laila liloʻole ia i mea hoʻoiliʻole a hiki i ka unuhiʻana o ka helu i kahi helu hana ma o NAT, aiʻole a hiki i ka noiʻana. Hoʻounaʻia nā hoʻouna e hoʻouna i kahi polokalamu i loaʻa kahi IP.
Hiki i nā kaʻa a pau mai ka pūnaewele ke pākani me ke alalai. Heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā mea a pau mai ke kālepa HTTP maʻamau i nā mea like FTP a me RDP. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea, ua hūnāʻia nā inoa IP kūlohelohe ma hope o kahi mea hoʻokele, eʻike i keʻano o ka IP e pono ai e hoʻouna i kaʻike ināʻikeʻoe i kahi mea e like me kahi kikowaena FTP e hoʻonohoʻia ma kahi pūnaewele home.
No kēia pono e hana pono no nā pule IP kūlohelohe, pono e hoʻonohonohoʻia ke kuhiʻana o ka port .