ʻO nā mea hōʻona o kekahi o nā mekini lola maʻamau ākea a loaʻa i nā hanana likeʻole. ʻO kēlā me kēiaʻano mana hana he mau hiʻohiʻona a me nā mea waiwai e kūpono iā lākou no kekahi mau polokalamu, nā wahi, a me nā huahana. Hoʻokomo pinepineʻia nā papahana i ko lākouʻano kumuhana a me nā mea hana kelepona i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o ka papa hana. ʻO kēlā me kēiaʻano pahupapa he nui nāʻano likeʻole i nāʻano maʻamau a me nā mea i loaʻa no ka hoʻomanawanui, ka palena voltage, ke kūlana pale mahana, ke kūpaʻa o ka pae hoʻohālike (ESR), ka nui, a me ka hilinaʻi e pili ana i ka hana a lākou i ka honua maoli . Hiki i kēia mauʻokoʻa ka hopena ma ka koho puʻunaue, e hana i kekahi mau papa hana i ka nui ma kekahi mau noi a me kahi kumu pilikia i loko o kekahi.
Nā Hōʻike Hoʻopiha Film
ʻO ka hoʻokanui Film he kekahi o nāʻano kahe o nā kaha. Hoʻohālike ka hoʻonani Film me kahiʻohana nui o nā papa hana me ka paʻakikī nui o nā mea hoʻohana kelelectric. ʻO nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia me ka polyester (mylar), polystrene, polypropylene polycarbonate, pepa i kālaiʻia a me Teflon. Hiki i nā'eneke kiʻi Film ke loaʻa ma nā koina mai ka pF (picoFarads) a hiki i ka 100 o uF (microFarads). Hiki ke loaʻa nā papa hana kiʻi kiʻekiʻe voltage, me nā helu voltage ma mua o 500 volts. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o nā mea hana kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ka mea nui i nā mea hana kiʻi kiʻi e hoʻohana i nā kime paleki, kahi lōʻihi o ke ola a me nā pono kūpono paʻa.
Hiki i nā'eneke kiʻi Film ke loaʻa ma nāʻano nui a me nā kumu. ʻO nā kumu kūpono maʻamau o nā condensers film he maupoe kepoe, oval, a puni, a me ka hapahā aʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i loaʻa me keʻano alakaʻi axial a radial.
Nā Hoʻokāka Helu Electrolytic
ʻO nā mea i kohoʻia ka mea hoʻohana i keʻano o nā koinaʻoihana kiʻekiʻe loa o nāʻano capacitors. Hanaʻia nā mea hana electrolytic me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoniʻano lahilahi a me kahi solution semi-liquid electrolytic. ʻO ka loli o kēia mau mea e hiki ai iā lākou ke'ōwiliʻia a hoʻolako i kahi āpana nui a no laila kōkua i ka hanaʻana i ka mana nui. Ma muli o ka hoʻoholo a me ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka wai koho electrolytic e like me ka lua o ka electrode i loko o ka mea hoʻolele electrolytic, ua hoʻonuiʻia kahi'enela oxygen dielectric i ka metallic film, e pale i ke kiʻi metallic mai ka pōkole i ka hopena electrolytic. Hiki ke lahilahi ka'onike dielectric e hoʻonui ana i ka mana o kahi mea mana hana electrolytic.
Hiki i nā mea hana'elepona kelepona me nā kaha palena nui, ka polarization a me nā helu voltage. ʻO kaʻaoʻao o nā mea hana hana electrolytic,ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e polariʻia a mālamaʻia e mālama pono i ka hoʻohana ponoʻana. ʻO ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka mana hana pūnaewele ma hope o ka hopena, e hopena wikiwiki loa ia i ka hoʻokomoʻana, me ka ikaikaʻole i ka mea hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i kekahi mea kokoke. ʻO nā poho electrolytic polari a pau ko lākou pola i kahaʻia ma luna o lākou me kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka pona pono e mālamaʻia i ka meaʻike haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka lālā voltage o ka meaʻoihana electrolytic he palupalu, akā hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa me nā helu voltage a hiki i nā haneri volts.
ʻO nā mea hana maʻamauʻo ka mea maʻamau o nā meaʻonika electrolytic he mau mea'enelectro-electrolytic aluminika a me nā mea hana hoʻonaʻauao. Hoʻohālike nā mana o ke kahe ma keʻano o nā mea'ikepona electrolytic i ko lākou nānā like me nā mea hana kalaika. ʻAʻole e like me nā mea hana kalaika, nā poʻomanaʻo holoʻokoʻa. Eia naʻe, uaʻoi aku ka māmā o nā meaʻonika hoʻonaʻauao no ka hoʻohuliʻana i nā polalā ma mua o nā mea hana electrolytic aluminium a ua hoʻokomoʻia i kekahi manawa me nā pūʻole maikaʻiʻole i pili i ka hoʻokumuʻana i ka mana hana "non-polarized". ʻO ke ana o ka mana o ke kelepona aʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea hana i ka mea e pono ai ka hanaʻana.
Kāpena Kūlana Ceramic
ʻO nā mea hana kekona kēia kekahi o nā papa hana maʻamau i hoʻohanaʻia, ma kahi o nā papa hoʻokipa kiʻekiʻe. Hanaʻia lākou ma ke paniʻana i kahi puʻupuʻu a me kahi pāʻani me kahi mea hoʻokele a hui pūʻia. ʻO ke kinona i hoʻohanaʻia he loli nui loa, no ka mea, he mana kūpono ka mea hana i nā mea hana i ka mea nui. Ma waho o nā mea hana i ka electrolytic,ʻaʻole i pohoʻia ka mea hana i nā kaha hana kaomi akā hiki i ko lākou kaha ke hele i loko o ka neʻeʻanaʻole i ka lainaʻole e like me ka hoʻololiʻana o ka mahana. No kēia mau kumu, ua hoʻohana pinepineʻia nā mea hoʻokau o ka ceramic e like me ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana a iʻole ke kāohi i nā kaha. Hoʻokomoʻia nā mea hana kaomi ma nā kumukūʻai e loaʻa ana mai kekahi mau pF i nā uF a me nā helu volta mai kekahi mau volts i kaʻumi o nā tausani volts.
Nā'Iina'ē aʻe o nā Lunahoona
Nui kekahi mauʻano kelepona kūikawā i loaʻa no nāʻike hou. ʻO ka pahuhopu aiʻole nā'āpona'āpili keʻano he mau capacuaka me ka mana hiki ke hoʻololi a he pono hoʻi no ke mele maikaʻi a iʻole ka uku ma ka kaapuni. ʻO Ultra capacitors nā papa hana me nā koina kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa, e like me ka mana iʻoi aku ma mua o ka mua. He pinepine nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa akā e kūʻai nui i ka ikehu e hoʻopau i nā pakuhi ma kekahi mau noi.