01 o 06
Ka Papahana PūnaeweleʻOle no ka Pāhele Kōnae
ʻO kēia kulekele i nā'enekehana e hoʻolei i ke kumuhana i loko o keʻano o nā hōʻikeʻike kiʻi. Hoʻokaʻawale kēlā me kēiaʻaoʻao i kahi manaʻo nui a iʻole ka māhele o ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi a me ka lolouila.
Hōʻike kēia kiʻikuhi i kaʻokoʻa o ka pūnaewele kikowaena. Ma ke 'ano kikowaena,ʻelua papapiula (aiʻole kekahi mau pūnaeweleʻikepili'ē aʻe) e pili pono i kēlā a me kēia a me ke kūkākūkāʻana ma waena o kekahi waea a kaula paha. Loaʻa nā likehana likeʻole e like me kēia no nā makahiki. ʻO ka hana maʻamau no kēia mau pūnaewele,ʻo ia ka laʻana pūnaewele.
02 o 06
Ka Lāhui Kūloko (LAN) me ka Mea Paʻi
Hōʻike kēia kiʻikuhi i kahi kikowaena o ka pūnaewele wahi (LAN) maʻamau . Hiki i nā'āpana o ka waena keʻike i kekahi pūʻulu o nā kamepiula i loko o kahi home, kula, aiʻole kekahi hapa o kahi hale keʻena. E like me kahi'ōnaehana maʻalahi, nā lolouila ma kahi LAN pūnaewele a me nā mea paʻi. Hiki i nā pūnaewele ma kekahi LAN ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā loulou me nā LAN'ē aʻe a me ka pūnaewele.
03 o 06
Nā Pūnaewele Wide
Hōʻike kēia kiʻikuhi i kahi hoʻonohonoho pūnaewele puni honua (WAN) e hui pū me LANs iʻekolu mau wahi nui. Hiki i nā 'āpana kikowaena āpau ke uhi i kahi āpana'āina nui e like me ke kūlanakauhale, kahi'āina, a mau aupuni nui paha. Hana pū nā WAN i nā LAN a me nā kaʻina pūnaewele liʻiliʻi'ē aʻe. Ua kūkuluʻia nā WAN e nā hui loea nui a me nā hui'ē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā mea iʻoi aku kaʻoihana-ʻoihana i loaʻaʻole ma nā hale kūʻai. He mea hoʻohālike ka Internet ma kahi WAN e pili ana i nā pūnaewele waena a me ka hapanui i ka hapanui o ka honua.
04 o 06
Nā Hana Pūnaewele Wired
Hōʻike kēia kiʻikuhi i nāʻano likeʻole o ka pilina ma nā kamepiula pūnaewele. I ka nui o nā hale, ua hoʻohana pinepineʻia nā laina Ethernet twisted- paipu e hoʻohui i nā kamepiula. ʻO ke kelepona a iʻole nā laina lola kelepona e hoʻohui i ka home LAN i ka mea hoʻolako pūnaewele (ISP) . Hiki i nā ISP, nā kula nui a me nāʻoihana kālepa pinepine i kā lākou mau lako kamepiula i loko o nā kī (e like me ke hōʻikeʻia), a hoʻohana lākou i nāʻano kele iʻole e hoʻohui i kēia lako i LANs a me ka Internet. Hoʻomaopopo ka nui o ka Pūnaewele i ke kelehe fiber optic speed e hoʻouna i ka mamao i kahi mamao ma lalo, akā hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā kaula kuʻi a me ka cable coaxial no nā laina leʻaleʻa a ma nā wahi mamao loa.
05 o 06
Nā Pūnaewele Kūiho Kūiho
Hōʻike kēia kiʻikuhi i nāʻano likeʻole o nā kikowaena pūnaewele hikiʻole. ʻO ka Wi-Fi kaʻenehana kūikawā no ka kūkuluʻana i nā'eneke piliʻole i nā home a me nā LAN'ē aʻe. Hiki i nāʻoihana a me nā kaiaulu ke hoʻohana i kaʻenehanaʻike Wi-Fi no ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā piko piko lehulehu . ʻO ka mea'ē aʻe, hāʻawi nā'ōnaehana Bluetooth i nā'ōkuhi, nā leka uila a me nā mea hana'ē aʻe e hoʻopili ai ma kahi pīpī pokole. ʻO ka hopena,ʻo nāʻike loea pūnaewele pūnaewele me ka WiMax a me LTE e kākoʻo ana i ka leo a me nāʻikeʻikepili ma luna o nā kelepona.
06 o 06
ʻO ke Model OSI o nā Pūnaewele Kāmika
Hōʻike kēia kiʻikuhi i ka'ōnaehana Interconnection Open (OSI) . Hoʻohana nuiʻiaʻo OSI i kēia lā ma keʻano he mea hana aʻo. ʻO ia nā'ōnaehana hoʻolālā i kahi pūnaewele i loko oʻehiku laina i kahi holomua. Hana nā papa lalo i nā hōʻailona, nā ala o kaʻikepili binaryi, a me ke kālakaʻana o kēia mauʻikepili ma o nā pūnaewele. ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e uhi i nā noi kikowaena a me nā pane, nā hōʻike o nāʻikepili, a me nā protocol kikowaena iʻikeʻia mai ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻohana. ʻO keʻano o ka OSI i hoʻomakaʻia ma keʻano he papahana maʻamau no ka hanaʻana i nā pūnaewele pūnaewele aʻoiaʻiʻo, he nui nāʻike loea loea i kēia lā e noʻonoʻo ana i ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi o OSI.