Hōʻike
Aia kahi daemon ma Linux i kapaʻia cron e hoʻohanaʻia ana e holo i nā kaʻina hana i nā manawa maʻamau.
ʻO ke ala e hana aiʻo ia no ka nānāʻana i kekahi mau waihona ma kāu pūnaewele no nā'ōkuhi e holo. Eia kekahi laʻana he kōpena i kapaʻia /etc/cron.hourly, /etc/cron.daily, /etc/cron.weekly a /etc/cron.monthly. Aia kekahi faila i kapaʻia / etc / crontab.
ʻO ka paʻamau, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻokomo i nā palapala i loko o nā waihona kūpono e loaʻa ai iā lākou e hana i nā wāwae maʻamau.
Keaka i ka weheʻana o ka puka makani (ma ka kaomiʻana iā CTRL, ALT a me T) a holo i kēia kauoha ma lalo :
ls / etc / cron *
Eʻikeʻoe i ka papa inoa o nā polokalamu a iʻole ka papa inoa e holo nei i kēlā me kēia manawa, i kēlā me kēia lā, i kēlā me kēia pule a me kēlā me kēia mahina.
ʻO ka pilikia me kēia mau waihona, he mea maʻalahi ia. No ka hōʻikeʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, e holo ana ka hōʻailona i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā akāʻaʻoleʻoe e mana i ka manawa e holo ai ka hōʻailona i kēlā lā.
ʻO kahi kahi i komo ai ka faile crontab.
Ma ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka faila crontab e hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi hōʻailona aiʻole ka papahana e holo i ka lā a me ka manawa pono e makemake aiʻoe e holo. ʻOiai paha makemakeʻoe e kāohi i kāu mau waihona i kēlā me kēia pō i ka hola 6 pm.
Nā Hōʻike
Manaʻo ka kauoha crontab i ka mea hoʻohana i nā leka e hoʻoponopono i kahi faile crontab. Loaʻaʻelua mau faila i hoʻohanaʻia no ka mālamaʻana i nāʻaeʻana crontab:
- /etc/cron.allow
- /etc/cron.deny
Inā waiho ka waihona /etc/cron.allow i laila e makemake ana ka mea e makemake ana e hoʻoponopono i ka file crontab i loko o kēlā faila. Ināʻaʻohe kōnae cron.allow'ē aʻe akā aia kahi waihona /etc/cron.deny a lailaʻaʻole pono ka mea hoʻohana i loko o kēlā pūnaewele.
Inā noho nā pūnaeweleʻelua a /etc/cron.allow ke kāpili i ka file /etc/cron.deny.
Ināʻaʻohe e waiho i kēia manawa, ma muli o ka hoʻolālā pūnaewele inā hiki i ka mea hoʻohana ke hoʻoponopono i ka crontab.
Hiki i ke kumu pakiaka ke hoʻoponopono i ka file crontab. Hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohana i kā lākou kauoha e hoʻololi ai i ke kumu kumu a iʻole ka kauoha sudo e holo i ke kauoha crontab.
Hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka Kōnae Crontab
Hiki i kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohana iā ia ke hana i kā lākou'ilipili crontab. Ke nānā nei ke kauoha cron no ka nohoʻana o nā kāwili crontab nui a holo i nā mea a pau.
No kaʻike inā loaʻa iāʻoe kahi pūnaewele crontab e holo i kēia kauoha:
crontab -l
Ināʻaʻoleʻoe he file crontabʻaʻole e hōʻikeʻia ka hua'ōlelo "no crontab no
E hana a hoʻololi paha i kahi pūnaewele crontab e holo i kēia kauoha:
crontab -e
Inā loaʻaʻole kahi koho hoʻopuka koho i waeʻia, laila e noiʻiaʻoe e koho i kahi hoʻoponopono paʻakikī e hoʻohana. Noʻonoʻo wau makemake e hoʻohana i ke nano e like me ka pololei pololei i mua a hoʻohanaʻia a holo mai ka pahu.
ʻO kaʻili e wehe ana he nui nāʻike akāʻo ka hapa nuiʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona ma mua o ka hopena o nā paukū'ōlelo (nā manaʻo e hōʻikeʻia e nā laina e hoʻomaka me #).
# mh dom mon dow kauoha
0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz / home /
Aia 6 mau'āpanaʻike e hoʻokomo i kēlā me kēia laina o ka pūnaewele crontab:
- ʻO ka minute o ka lā,ʻo ka kauoha ke holo (m)
- ʻO ka hora o ka lā,ʻo ka kauoha ke holo (h)
- ʻO ka lā o ka malama, ke kauoha e holo (home)
- ʻO ka mahina ke kauoha e holo (mon)
- ʻO ka lā o ka hebedoma ke kauoha e holo (lalo)
- ʻO ke kauoha
No kēlā me kēia mehana (koe wale no ke kauoha) hiki iāʻoe ke kuhikuhi i kahi kanaka hala. E nānā i kēia laina crontab:
30 18 * * * tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz / home /
ʻO ka'ōlelo i'ōleloʻia ma luna nei he 30 mau minuke, 18 mau hola a me kekahi lā, ka mahina a me ka lā o ka pule e hoʻoholo i kahi kauoha e hoʻouna a kau i ka helu home ma ka kōpili / var / backups.
No ka loaʻaʻana o kahi kauoha e holo ma 30 mau minuke ma kēlā me kēia hora e hiki iaʻu ke holo i kēia kauoha:
30 * * * * kauoha
No ka loaʻaʻana o kahi kauoha e holo i kēlā me kēia minuke i hala i ka hola 6 pm hiki iaʻu ke holo i kēia kauoha:
* 18 * * * kauoha
No laila e noʻonoʻoʻoe i ke kauʻana i kāu mau kauoha crontab.
ʻo kahi laʻana:
* * * 1 kauoha
E holo ana ka kauoha i luna i kēlā me kēia minuke o kēlā me kēia hora o kēlā me kēia lā o kēlā me kēia pule i Ianuali. Manaʻo wau i kāu makemake.
No ka holoʻana i ke kauoha ma ka hola 5 i ka lā 1 o Ianuali, e kauohaʻoe i ka faile crontab:
0 5 1 1 kauoha
Pehea e wehe ai i kahi pūnaewele Crontab
ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawaʻaʻoleʻoe makemake e wehe i ka pūnaewele crontab akā makemakeʻoe e wehe i kekahi mau lālani mai ka pūnaeka crontab.
Akā inā makemakeʻoe e wehe i ka faile crontab o kāu mea hoʻohana i kēia kauoha:
crontab -r
ʻO kahi ala palekana e hana aiʻo ia ke holo i kēia kauoha:
crontab -i
Penei ke nīnau i ka nīnau "ua maopopo anei iāʻoe?" ma mua o ka wehe 'ana i ka faile crontab.