He aha keʻano o ka Pūnaehana Pūnaewele?
Hoʻohana nā pūnaewele i nā polokalamu haʻahaʻa i kapaʻia he pūnaehana hana (ʻO / S) e kōkua i nā poʻe e hana i nā mīkini kino. ʻO kaʻO / S ka mea hoʻohana i ka polokalamu noi noi (i kapaʻia "nā polokalamu") a me ke kūkuluʻana i nā papa hou. ʻO ka polokalamu pūnaewele pūnaeweleʻaʻole ia ma luna o nā polokalamu kamepiula wale nō ma nā kelepona pūnaewele, nā mea kelepona pūnaewele a me nā mea hana i kapaʻia.
Nāʻano o nā Pūnaehana Hana
Ua hoʻomohalaʻia he haneli mau hanana holonaehanaʻoihana i nā makahiki e nā hui, nā kulanui, a me nā mea hoʻokipa. ʻO nā pūnaehana hana maikaʻi iʻikeʻia i loaʻa ma nā kamepiula pilikino:
- Microsoft Windows
- ʻO Mac OS X
- Linux
Hoʻonohonohoʻia kekahi papahana hana no kekahiʻano o nā lako, e like me
- ʻO Apple iOS a me Google Android (keʻano o Linux) - no nā kelepona
- Solaris, HP-UX, DG-UX, a me nā mea'ē aʻe o Unix - no nā kikowaena server
- DEC VMS (Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Maʻemaʻe) - no nā polokalamu mainframe
ʻO kekahi mau polokalamu hana'ē aʻe i hauʻoli i ka manawa kaulanaʻole akā he mau pilikino wale nō kēia i kēia manawa:
- ʻO O Novema he mea kaulanaʻo O / S no nā PC i nā makahiki 1990
- ʻO IBM OS / 2 he PC O / S mua loa i hakakā me Microsoft Windows no kekahi manawa akā ua kaupalena loa ka pōmaikaʻi ma ka mākele kūʻai
- He polokalamu hoʻonaʻauao wikiwiki ka mea nui i hanaʻia no nā mainframes i nā makahiki 1960, i hoʻololiʻia ai ka hana hopeʻana o Unix
Nā Pūnaehana Hana Pūnaewele
He polokalamuʻO / S hou i loko o ka pūnaewele i kūkuluʻia i mea e hoʻohāiki i ka pūnaewele o kahi kamepiula. Loaʻa i kahi polokalamuʻO / S kahi hana o ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka papahana protocol TCP / IP a me nā polokalamu kōkua pili like ping a traceroute. ʻO kēia ka pūnaewele a me nā polokalamu'ē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻololi i kahi kelepona Ethernet o kahi mea. Hiki i nā'ōpona pūnaewele ke hāʻawi i nā papahana e pono ai ka Wi-Fi , ke Bluetooth , a iʻole ka pili pūnaewele'ē aʻe.
ʻAʻole i hāʻawi muaʻia nā papa mua o Microsoft Windows i kahi kākoʻo no ka pūnaewele pūnaewele . Ua hoʻolakoʻo Microsoft i ka pūnaewele pūnaewele pūnaewele i loko o kona pūnaewele pūnaewele e hoʻomaka ana me Windows 95 a me Windows no nā Pūʻulu Hana . Ua hoʻolaha pū akuʻo Microsoft i kāna polokalamu Hoʻohui Pūnaewele (ICS) ma ka Windows 98 Keʻena Hou (Win98 SE), Windows HomeGroup no ka pūnaewele home ma ka Windows 7, a pēlā aku. E hoʻohālikelike me Unix, i hoʻolālāʻia mai ka hoʻomaka me kaʻike pūnaewele. Loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai a pau o kaʻO / S i kēia lā ke hoʻomaopopoʻia e like me ka pūnaehana hana pūnaewele no kaʻike nui o ka Pūnaewele a me ka pūnaewele home.
Nā Pūnaehana Hana
Kākoʻoʻia kahi polokalamu i kāheaʻia i kākoʻo i ka hōʻoiaʻana o ka pūnaewele. ʻO nā pūnaewele i hoʻokomoʻia e like me nā mea hoʻokele, e like me keʻano o kahi pūnaewele pūnaewele i hoʻonohonohoʻia, kā DHCP pūnaewele, a me kekahi mau ponohana akāʻaʻole eʻae i ka hoʻokomoʻana i nā polokalamu hou. He mau hiʻohiʻona o nā'ōnaehana hana i hoʻohuiʻia no nā mea hōʻiliʻili:
- Cisco IOS (Pūnaewele Pūnaewele)
- DD-WRT
- ʻO Juniper Jun
Hiki keʻikeʻia kekahi OS i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma loko o ka hoʻonuiʻana o nā mea hoʻohana kiʻi me nā kamepiula (iPhone OS), PDAs (Windows CE), a me nā mea pāʻani lolouila (ipodlinux).